Allergy

Common Causes of Allergies

Allergies can be triggered by various allergens, including:

• Environmental allergens: Pollen, mold, dust mites, pet dander.

• Food allergens: Nuts, dairy, shellfish, eggs.

• Insect stings: Bee or wasp stings.

• Medications: Penicillin or other antibiotics.

• Skin allergens: Latex, certain metals, or cosmetics.

 

Health Conditions Related to Allergies

Allergies can lead to or exacerbate other health conditions, such as:

• Asthma: Allergies can trigger asthma symptoms like shortness of breath and wheezing.

• Sinusitis: Persistent nasal allergies may result in sinus infections.

• Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis): Allergies can worsen this skin condition.

 

Symptoms of Allergies

Symptoms vary depending on the type of allergen and how it affects the body:

• Respiratory symptoms: Sneezing, runny or stuffy nose, itchy eyes, coughing.

• Skin symptoms: Rashes, hives, redness, or swelling.

• Digestive symptoms: Stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea (common with food allergies).

• Severe symptoms: Difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat, or anaphylaxis (a life-threatening reaction).

 

Diagnosis of Allergies

Diagnosing allergies typically involves:

1. Medical history: Discussing symptoms, triggers, and family history.

2. Skin prick test: Exposing your skin to potential allergens to check for reactions.

3. Blood tests: Measuring levels of allergen-specific antibodies (e.g., IgE test).

 

Allergy Medications

Several medications help manage allergy symptoms:

1. Antihistamines

• Block histamine, a chemical responsible for allergy symptoms.

• Examples: Loratadine (Claritin), Cetirizine (Zyrtec), Diphenhydramine (Benadryl).

2. Decongestants

• Reduce nasal swelling for easier breathing.

• Examples: Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed), Oxymetazoline (Afrin).

3. Nasal Corticosteroids

• Decrease inflammation in the nasal passages.

• Examples: Fluticasone (Flonase), Budesonide (Rhinocort).

4. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists

• Block chemicals that cause inflammation.

• Example: Montelukast (Singulair).

5. Allergy Shots (Immunotherapy)

• Gradually desensitize your body to allergens through regular injections.

 

Possible Side Effects of Allergy Medications

While allergy medications are generally safe, they can have side effects:

• Antihistamines: Drowsiness, dry mouth, or dizziness.

• Decongestants: Increased heart rate, insomnia, or dependency if overused.

• Nasal sprays: Nosebleeds or irritation with prolonged use.

• Leukotriene inhibitors: Headache, stomach upset, or rare mood changes.

 

Preventing Allergies

• Keep your home clean and allergen-free (dust and vacuum regularly).

• Use hypoallergenic bedding to minimize exposure to dust mites.

• Avoid known allergens like specific foods or pets.

• Use air purifiers to reduce airborne allergens.

• Wear masks during high pollen seasons.